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On Bioshock, Ayn Rand, and the Politics of Politics
kjohnson1585 | 11:53 AM on 07.03.2009 21 comments


Hey, D-toidians! (D-toidites?) I'm back with another blog -- since I wrote one last Friday on my introduction, I'd figure I'll try and make this a regular Friday thing. I mean it's not like we're "going out" and "having a good time," right? (Also, I got my avatar-- SPAM with BACON, cause if my inbox was spammed with bacon, well, I've be very happy.)

Given June's "Untapped Potential" theme, I thought I'd express some thoughts I had over Bioshock (I know it's July now, sue me). Massive, massive spoilers contained within, so if you haven't played it, do so, now.



Bioshock has received many positive reviews, as it should have. It's a beautiful game with an interesting story and contains wondrous graphics, luscious sound, and tight controls. Furthermore, its willingness to engage in a political-social ideal is rather bold, especially in this day and age when that very same ideal is being somewhat discussed throughout the media.

That ideal would be Ayn Rand's Objectivism.

I'm not an objectivist, mind you. Hell, I'm not even sure what the details are within the overall concept of objectivism. Wikepedia helps, but like most -isms, it's hard to put into words; it's something that's more embraced in the broadest sense via like-minded individuals. From what I gathered, BASICALLY, objectivism believes that a person's worth is SOLELY based on their contribution to society (specifically, the "free market workplace" since our society is capitalistic), and that any interference from government, religious, or other social structures is automatically "bad".

Cribbing from that possibly-woefully diminished definition, one can certainly see how Bioshock is playing into that definition; however, I would argue that it really isn't giving it due credit. Or, more accurately, isn't giving the idea a playing field in which one can experience it fully without understanding it in mere black and white terms.

For example, let's consider Communism for a moment. Once viewed as an abject evil in the 1950s, and despite the misguided attempts for certain people to combine Democratic beliefs with the malevolence of the connotation of Communist ideas (not the ideas themselves), nowadays, its seen as a viable possibility, even though its inherent problems are clearly and evidently obvious --see, China. We sure as hell wouldn't be borrowing money from them 60 years ago.

My issue with Bioshock in this regard is that we're presented with an after-the-fact, automatic failure of objectivism in action, and I feel as if this may not be a truly fair assessment of the concept. In America, our liberties are derived from the fact that anyone can believe in anything, even in the things that may be antithetical to that very liberty, so to see this game present objectivism as an out-of-control, free-for-all of market forces; well, I'm skeptical.

The story, if you think about it, really has nothing to do with objectivism at all. Mind control? Making tough choices over the fate of children? Corruption? You can take all those ideas and plug them into a democratic, capitalist (and most-likely sci-fi) story, and no one would know the difference. Heck, if the story of the game is a critique of the failures of objectivism, then every movie/game ever made about corrupt businessmen and lawyers are critiques of the capitalist/democratic system. And more likely then not, they have "good endings", with the heroes exposing the evils of these socio-political monsters, and ensuring the system is fixable, if flawed. Bioshock? Not so much.

It fell apart, miserably, and you're wandering the once beautiful deco-era with gun in hand, trying to keep away the oppressed crazies. Really, it's a means to an end, a deep but still easy excuse to make an FPS. I kind of wish the game took place during the midst of Fontaine's rebellion, where you can see the process actually fall apart, where his and Ryan's tenuous partnership collapsed, and the beginnings of Ryan's paranoid genocides. I'm a sucker for a good political thriller, made-up or real, and I can easily see a game where you play a morally ambiguous character playing both sides as Rapture starts to crack. After all, in some form or another, objectivism WAS working-- I mean, it can't be easy to build an entire, self-functioning underwater utopia AND give normal citizens superpowers, even in 2K land. I'd even be THRILLED if in such a hypothetical game, you had the choice to save Rapture somehow; but of course, that may be too much (and, uh, anti-American? Better start tea-bagging!)

In the end, I didn't get the idea that objectivism in itself is ultimately flawed; rather, I got the idea that really crafty con-men can exploit any system (even in our society, whether for the poor, like welfare and food stamps, or for the rich, like Enron and Bernie Madoff). I guess what I'm saying is I'd like to see more political systems in action and more of the effects of those systems in games than the aftereffects.

Now, would you kindly post your thoughts and comments down below?



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20 comments | showing # 1 to 20

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ryu89's Destructoid Blog


"I hate Ayn Rand"
Count Grishnack's Destructoid Blog
Wanted to read, but forrrrrmatting/no pics.
de BLOO's Destructoid Blog
It's Dtoiders by the way....welcome I guess?
RAB's Destructoid Blog
can you please fix stuff like.. this?

"I mean it’s not like we’re “going out” and “having a good time,” right?"
RAB's Destructoid Blog
I really want to read this but I cant because of all the crazy "€™re“€™re“€™re“€™re“" going on
Elsa's Destructoid Blog
OOOOOOH... I'm a huge Ayn Rand fan!

... but I get the impression you haven't read much of Rand because you have Objectivism wrong... a person't worth is NOT based on contribution to society... but the opposite - contribution to themselves, to the betterment of themselves, to being well... in the words of the army "all that they can be" or essentially "self interest".

When people "contribute to society", Rand doesn't think that they can achieve their full potential. Her writings are often based on the concept of "free will" - that people with the free will to serve their own interests can accomplish great things and that everyone might have a different "free will" - while one man may want to build an empire, another might serve his own free will by choosing to be an artist or a carpenter, or a factory worker - but this is what makes them happy, so they will be productive and good at what they do. If their free will is bent to "serve society" and they lose ownership of what they have created, then why bother to create?

In Bioshock, the words ""No Gods or Kings, only Man" start the game and are very Rand-esque. This city was one man's vision... and in being allowed to pursue that vision he obviously created something truly great (one can see the remains of what was once a truly great society)... but the more evil base instincts of man... a need for power over others (rather than pursuing the "self") obviously corrupted inventions made to make life easier (note the original ads for the plasmids) into tools of corruption and weapons to "take"(socialism) rather than "create" (capitalism).

Rand tended to see capitalism as voluntary cooperation with each man free to pursue his own interests (without the imposition of one's will upon another which she regarded as immoral) and she tended to see socialism as not serving the rights of the individual but serving something external be it society as a whole, religion, power over others or some external force.

*******spoiler*******
Aside from the art deco graphics (a tribute to the period in which she wrote her books) the essence of Bioshock is free will. As the main character you think you have free will throughout the game... only to find at the end that you don't have free will... you are preprogrammed to respond to the phrase "will you kindly" - an analogy to Rand's idea of "are you really doing what you truly want to do, living with free will, creating what you truly can create" or are you merely plodding through life, serving the interests of another be it religion or society or politics?

The game plays with the concept of free will in various ways (even as to whether you harvest or free the little sisters) and that seems to be the the crux of much of Rand's writings and philosophy.

******end spoiler********

I have no idea if I was able to express my understandings of her writings and how they relate to Bioshock... philosophy is such a muddied thing and so rarely relates to real life - but I do love the varied ideas she propogates within her very interesting novels and how much of it was brought into Bioshock in so many different ways.

(and yeah, your blog was really hard to read with all the odd letters)
kjohnson1585's Destructoid Blog
Oh, fuck. Goddammit MS Word, I thought I turned off smart quotes.

I'll fix this soon. I couldn't connect to Dtoid for like 5 minutes so I had no idea anything was wrong.
kjohnson1585's Destructoid Blog
Okay, fixed. I apologize for that. Apparently, smart quotes was turned off in one metadata field setting, but not in ANOTHER one.

@Esla: Like I said, I'm not too familiar with objectivism. I never had to opportunity to study it in school, and I'm a bit daunted about reading it on my own outside of a classroom setting, because I may miss the meaning. I based the idea on the gist of what Wikipedia said and what a friend of mine summarized her writings as.

So, according to you, it seems to be the ultimate individual pursuit, akin to libertarian-EXTREME. (j/k) It seems a bit harder to make the connection to Bioshock (I mean, absolute mind control > free will, according to sci-fi laws.) Also, since the game don't present many options to exercise that free will outside saving/killing the children, it seems like a moot point.

Like I mentioned, ideally such a game could present more options in the decision-making, which would -really- be interesting if the game took place during Rapture's glory days, instead of after them. (I may touch upon that a bit more next week, where I'll discuss Video Games as Art. OoooOOOooooOOOoo.)

Also -- pictures!
Usedtabe's Destructoid Blog
Nice write up. I agree with your assessment.
Haxan's Destructoid Blog
I'm with the count. I really tried, because it looked interesting. But formatting is keeping me from being able to get through it. Anyone no what's causing that? Browser incompatibility, maybe?
Elsa's Destructoid Blog
@Kjohnson... I don't even know if Ayn Rand is taught much in schools... I read her works on my own because I liked her writing. She wrote most of her stuff in the 40's and 50's (though some of her really early works like We the Living and Anthem were written in the 30's I believe).

Her books aren't really as tough as her philosophies... which are quite convoluted... Atlas Shrugged is a very entertaining book just based on the characters and what is happening... but the philosophies woven into the book really make you think!

As I mentioned in another blog here on Dtoid, there are other references that Ayn Rand fans would recognize woven into Bioshock... the name "Atlas" no doubt refers to "Atlas Shrugged", while the name "Frank Fontaine" seems a reference to "The Fountainhead" and Ayn's husband, who was named Frank. Her books were sort of "futuristic" or sci fi in theme because they often took place in some vague "alternate future" to her current time period... as Bioshock seems to, so it's not all about her philosophy of Objectivism!

If you get a long summer vacation and want to tackle one of her books - they are well worth the reward. All are good... but Atlas Shrugged is most widely regarded as her best work, though it's hellishly long (though I personally liked the short novella "Anthem" which takes place in a world where the word "I" no longer exists... it's a good read, short and serves to express the core of many of her philosophies.)
CWal37's Destructoid Blog
@Elsa
I really really love The Fountainhead, probably my favorite book of hers, and the first time I read it was in high school, don't know if that's particularly rare or not though.
CWal37's Destructoid Blog
Oh, and by in high school I mean for a class, so it was taught.
Eagle 88's Destructoid Blog
There's a audio diary in the main game where Ryan wonders if preventing the use of plasmids/their total monopoly in Fontaine's hands would have been the right thing to do. He ultimately concludes that it was better to stick with his ideals and let his paradise burn than compromise his deeply held beliefs. I think that's the main point of the Rapture downfall storyline, that blind obedience to any philosophy more often than not has catastrophic consequences.
Cowboy TTop's Destructoid Blog
Hey KJohn, great post, we need more like this on Dtoid.

Yes, interesting. I may have to seek out those books.

I hope more games can venture into the places and topics as Bioshock did. Its the only game that has me thinking about what its saying, when I walk away, and that is a very powerful thing.
BulletMagnet's Destructoid Blog
@Eagle - I think there's an interview with one of the game's developers where he basically says the same thing.
kjohnson1585's Destructoid Blog
@Eagle 88: I'd buy that, certainly. Something I believe in-- you gotta have at the very least an open mind towards any belief, the ones you believe as well as the ones you don't believe.

My issue, though, is that I wish we "saw" that belief structure in action, and participated in it. Like... hmmm... if there was a Cold War game, I would like it not to be about killing Russians all day, but some nifty spy stuff, during the height of the Cold War, where you have to actually make decisions on whether to do as you're told, AS WELL AS the consequences of those decisions. That would be hella cool.
Atlas's Destructoid Blog
Atlas Shrugged was a boring book.
Tavendale's Destructoid Blog
@Elsa you beat me to it! But you also said it better that I would have, so I forgive you.

I'm a huge Ayn Rand fan too and hae read her works on objectivim as well as her fiction.

@Atlas: Ok.
Elsa's Destructoid Blog
@Eagle... that's also another analogy to a Rand work... in The Fountainhead, the artist destroys his own work (a building he designed) rather than see the artistic design and original vision be corrupted and changed by the builders.
... oh, and I just noticed... Ryan could = Ayn R., yet another subtle reference.

@cwal... I'm Canadian... but very impressed if they teach Rand in High School!

@KJohnson... yeah, I do wish they would tackle more thought provoking topics in games... including more in the way of literary or historical references. I read Exile by Patterson awhile ago and the whole Isreal/Palistine issue is very interesting when seen from both sides - the basis could be integrated into a game and might give more sympathy for the issue in it's historical entirely rather than just the "good guys/bad guys" politics we glean from the news.


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 about me

Kevin Johnson is planning to take over the internet one small blog at a time. A Dartmouth grade with a penchant for having fun, drinking, and all things entertaining, Kevin will do his finest to add thoughtful, insightful looks at gaming and video games in general-- but do not worry, he can be just as snarky as the rest of the internet, 4chan excluded.

This person mainly has a "professional" blog at www.totalmediabridge.com; by "professional," he means it doesn't make money and it's really just a general showcase of his writing skill and blogging ability. In due time, however, he will improve it immensely in the months to go, along with a nice, super-secret project in the works. Stay Tuned!

Unfortunately, he isn't into the new gen-systems, because he can't afford them at the moment, due to the bad economy and student loans. But he still games when he can, mostly the unplayed favorites of the previous generation, and at the very least tries to stay current on what's going on, news wise.

So keep your eyes peeled for some particularly interesting stuff in the next year or so!

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I'm currently in the process of writing a Ratchet & Clank screenplay exclusively for Destructoid! It takes place between R&C4: Deadlocked (the last PS2 game) and R&C: Tools of Destruction (the first PS3 game). I know fan fics tend to get pushed aside as lame, but so far the criticism has been positive, so hopefully if you do decide to read this, you won't sigh in annoyance.

So enjoy!

Ratchet and Clank: All or Nothing

Part 1.

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